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| 1854 |
| | | Ferdinand de Lesseps is granted the concession to construct a canal from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Britain, France and Italy take joint control of the finances of a bankrupt Tunisia | |
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| 1869 |
| | | Thousands of distinguished guests assemble at Port Said for the opening of the Suez Canal | |
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| 1871 |
| | | The Afghan philosopher Jamal al-Din, moving to Cairo, urges drastic and violent measures against western influence | |
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| 1871 |
| | | Giuseppe Verdi's opera Aida, is commissioned for the Cairo opera house, part of the process of Egypt becoming westernized | |
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| 1881 |
| | | France invades Tunisia from Algeria, and in the Treaty of Bardo forces the bey of Tunis to accept the status of a French protectorate | |
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| 1881 |
| | | Stanley finds Brazza's French tricolor already flying on the north bank of the Congo, on the site of what later becomes Brazzaville | |
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| 1882 |
| | | Anti-western riots in Alexandria result in many deaths and provoke a British invasion | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Spain begins to colonize the Western Sahara, subsequently known as the Spanish Sahara | |
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| 1885 |
| | | Britain annexes Bechuanaland as a protectorate, to secure the route north from the Cape into central Africa | |
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